QUANTUM AND GRAVITATIONAL PHYSICS
ISSN
2181-0478; EISSN 2181-0494
Volume 4 023-8181, 16 p., 26.05.2023;
Time-symmetric quantization of
relativistic fields.
1. Complex fields, massless gauge fields
and gravitons
Abstract
In the standard formulation of quantum field theory
(QFT), where there are only positive energy particles and antiparticles, the
energy and charge of the vacuum diverge, which, due to the existence of
gravity, leads to the inconsistency of the theory (cosmological constant
problem). In the article, it is shown that in the Stueckelberg-Feynman (SF)
interpretation, where antiparticles are described as negative energy particles
moving backward in time, the zero-point energy and zero-point charge of vacuum
of complex fields are absent and there is no cosmological constant problem.
However, until now it was believed that the SF interpretation leads to negative
probabilities and incompatible with QFT. In the article, it is presented a new
formulation of QFT on the basis of the SF interpretation in the form of
time-symmetric quantization (TSQ), where the probability of states is positive.
In TSQ, the consequences of the SF interpretation are taken into account
consecutively and it is shown that: a) the negative sign of the norm of states
only changes the sign of the wave function, and not the probabilities; b) the
expression of backward in time integrals through the forward in time integrals
changes sign; c) the time ordering of the operators is symmetric in time and
writing them through the usual ordering leads to the standard diagram
technique. For this reason, TSQ correctly describes the known observable
effects. In TSQ, the results of unification models change, in particular, a)
there is no zero-point energy even with broken supersymmetry between complex
fields; b) there is no zero-point energy of modes in string theories, which
allows to include gravity, but there is no a conformal anomaly and the
dimension of space can be arbitrary.
4:023.8181, 16 p., 26.05.2023;
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